One of those is "splay" to sleep a random amount of time, before running a command. Very useful to avoid lots of things running across a fleet at the same time.
The only time exponential backoff is useful is if the failure is due to a rate limit and you specifically need a mechanism to reduce the rate at which you are attempting to use it.
In the common case that the thing you're trying to talk is just down, exponential backoff with base N (e.g. wait 2x longer each time) increases your expected downtime by a factor of N (e.g. 2), because by the time your dependency is working again, you may be waiting up to the same amount of time again before you even retry it! Meanwhile, your service is down and your customers can't use it and your program is doing nothing but sleeping for another 30 minutes before it even checks to see if it can work.
And for what? What is the downside to you if your program retries much more frequently?
I much prefer setting a fixed time period to wait between retries (would you call that linear backoff? no backoff?), so for example if the thing fails you just sleep 1 second and try again, forever. And then your service is working again within 1 second of your dependency coming back up.
If you really must use exponential backoff then pick a quite-low upper bound on how long you'll wait between retries. It is extremely frustrating to find out that something wasn't working just because it was sleeping for a long time because the previous handful of attempts failed.
Exponential backoff is applicable to any failure where the time it has so far gone unresolved is the primary piece of available data on how lilong it is likely to take before being resolved, which is a very common situation, which is why it is a good default for most situations where you don’t have a better knowable-in-advance information at hand and the probability distribution ofn time to resolve, and where delays aren't super costly (though knowledge of when delays become costly can be used to set a cap on exponential backoff, too.)
This is key.
If delays aren't costly, sure, any algorithm is fine.
But if you want your service up as soon as possible, why spend pointless minutes calling sleep() when you could be getting things working sooner?
Not true, delays aren't the only costs. Compute, network, and developer time digging through logs all cost money, and hammering a service fruitlessly when it is down adds to all of those.
(It also doesn't help that “system is overloaded” may sometimes be communicated clearly, but also in many systems can manifest in... just about any other kind of error, too.)
That's what you should be using exponential backoff for. In actuality, the new latency introduced by the backoff should be maintained for some time even after a successful request has been received, and gradually over time the interval reduced.
> I much prefer setting a fixed time period to wait between retries (would you call that linear backoff? no backoff?)
I've heard it referred to as truncated exponential backoff.
If its just a fixed retry interval, then its... a fixed retry interval.
> [unless] due to a rate limit
Pretty common use-case for automatic retries...
If it's for a rate limit, sure, use exponential backoff, and put a known upper bound on how long you'll back off for.
But don't make your application wait for 50 minutes to come back up just because the database was down for 25 minutes. That's the kind of thing I am protesting here.
At the CLI, this is nice for not depending on Node.
>>For node.js, consider retry
For .NET, consider Polly[0]
I moved away from tenacity because of type-checking issues. I might check out stamina next time.
(FWIW my own contribution is https://github.com/oils-for-unix/oils/wiki/Alternative-Shell... )
I wrote the initial version in Python in 2023 and used simpleeval [1] for the condition expressions. The readme for simpleeval states:
> I've done the best I can with this library - but there's no warranty, no guarantee, nada. A lot of very clever people think the whole idea of trying to sandbox CPython is impossible. Read the code yourself, and use it at your own risk.
In early 2024, simpleeval had a vulnerability report that drove the point home [2]. I wanted to switch to a safer expression library in the rare event someone passed untrusted arguments to `--condition` and as a matter of craft. (I like simpleeval, but I think it should be used for expressions in trusted or semi-trusted environments.)
First, I evaluated cel-python [3]. I didn't adopt it over the binary dependency on PyYAML and concerns about maturity. I also wished to avoid drastically changing the condition language.
Next in line was python-starlark-go [4], which I had only used in a project that ultimately didn't need complex config. I had been interested in Starlark for a while. It was an attractive alternative to conventional software configuration. I saw an opportunity to really try it.
A switch to python-starlark-go would have made platform-independent zipapps I built with shiv [5] no longer an option. This was when I realized I might as well port recur to Go, use starlark-go natively, and get static binaries out of it. I could have gone with cel-go, but like I said, I was interested in Starlark and wanted to keep expressions similar to how they were with simpleeval.
[1] https://github.com/danthedeckie/simpleeval
[2] https://github.com/danthedeckie/simpleeval/issues/138
[3] https://github.com/cloud-custodian/cel-python
All that have tried to sandbox Python with Python have failed. E.g. RestrictedPython and RPython
That kind of simple things should be a basic inside once program or at worse a simple snipper copied from stack overflow or anything like that
[1] https://brooker.co.za/blog/2022/02/28/retries.html
[2] https://medium.com/yandex/good-retry-bad-retry-an-incident-s...
[Unit]
Description="test exponential retry"
[Service]
ExecStart=-/bin/sh -c "date -Is"
Type=simple
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=60ms
RestartMaxDelaySec=¶
RestartSteps=
# StartLimitBurst=2
# StartLimitIntervalSec=30
# OnFailure=
# TimeoutStartSec=
# TimeoutStartFailureMode=
# WatchdogSec=
# RestartPreventExitStatus=
# RestartForceExitStatus=
# OOMPolicy=
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
man systemd.unit https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/syst...
man systemd.resource-control https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/syst...
man systemd.service > "Table 1. Exit causes and the effect of the Restart= settings" https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/syst...
"RFE: Exponentially increasing RestartSec=" https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/6129#issuecomment-...
"core: add RestartSteps= and RestartSecMax= to dynamically increase interval between auto restarts" https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/26902
> RestartSteps= accepts a positive integer as the number of steps to take to increase the interval between auto-restarts from RestartSec= to RestartMaxDelaySec=
/? RestartMaxDelaySec https://www.google.com/search?q=RestartMaxDelaySec
Is this where to add jitter?
"core/service: make restart delay increase more smoothly" https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/28266/files